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PERSONAL PRONOUNS
The following table shows the personal pronouns belonging to the K'eqchi language. They are equivalent to the English personal pronouns as also shown.
| Singular |
Plural |
| Lāin (I) |
lāo (we) |
| laat (you) |
laesh (you) |
| Aan (he/she) |
aanheb (they) |
| aan (it) |
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VERB CONJUGATION
The following table shows the verb cuaank (to be, to have) conjugated with every person. This particular verb, however, cannot be used to describe subjects like in English (e.g., I am a teacher You are students.) or to form the Present Perfect. It only tells the sole state
of being somewhere like in the example below or it may denote possession.
| Singular |
Plural |
| Lāin cuankin |
I am swh. |
lāo cuanko |
we are swh. |
| laat cuankat |
you are swh. |
laesh cuankesh |
you are swh. |
| Aan cuan |
he/she is swh. |
aanheb cuankheb |
they are swh. |
| aan cuan |
it is swh. |
swh. = somewhere |
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Conjugation of the verb tzolok (to learn, to study) in Simple Present Tense. Notice the unique pronoun (accusative, dative or reflexive attribute) that precedes the verb that is in stative form in this case.
| Singular |
Plural |
| Lāin in tzolok |
I learn |
lāo inko tzolok |
we learn |
| laat inkat tzolok |
you learn |
laesh enkesh tzolok |
you learn |
| Aan na tzolok |
he/she learns |
aanheb enkheb tzolok |
they learn |
| aan na tzolok |
it learns |
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SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Conjugation of the verb tz'ibak (to write) in Simple Past Tense. Notice the unique pronoun (accusative, dative or reflexive attribute) that precedes the verb that is in stative form in this case.
| Singular |
Plural |
| Lāin shin tz'ibak |
I wrote |
lāo sho tz'ibak |
we wrote |
| laat shat tz'ibak |
you wrote |
laesh shesh tz'ibak |
you wrote |
| Aan ish tz'ibak |
he/she wrote |
aanheb sheb tz'ibak |
they wrote |
| aan ish tz'ibak |
it wrote |
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SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Conjugation of the verb c'anjelak (to work) in Simple Future Tense. Notice the unique pronoun (accusative, dative or reflexive attribute) that precedes the verb that is in stative form in this case.
| Singular |
Plural |
| Lāin tin c'anjelaq' |
I will work |
lāo to c'anjelaq' |
we will work |
| laat tat c'anjelaq' |
you will work |
laesh tesh c'anjelaq' |
you will work |
| Aan ta c'anjelaq' |
he/she will work |
aanheb theb c'anjelaq' |
they will work |
| aan ta c'anjelaq' |
it will work |
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Following the K'eqchi grammar outlined on the left, here are several samples of phrases and sentences in each tense to illustrate the use of personal pronouns and verbs in singular and plural forms.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE EXAMPLES
|
Subject
|
Main Verb
|
Complement
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| Lāin |
in tzolok |
sâ Tzolebāl. |
| I |
study |
at the school. |
| Lāo |
inko ilok |
ru Hu. |
| We |
can read. |
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| Aanheb |
enke alinak |
rubel Hab. |
| They |
run |
under the rain. |
| Aan |
na shik |
sâ Be. |
| It |
goes |
to the street. |
SIMPLE PAST TENSE EXAMPLES
| Subject |
Main Verb |
Complement |
| Lāin |
shin wulak |
chi chapok Car. |
| I |
went |
fishing (to catch fish). |
| Aan |
ish numshik |
sâ Nimha. |
| He/she |
swam |
in the river. |
| Laesh |
shesh c'anjelak |
arran chak. |
| You |
worked |
over there. (PLURAL) |
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE EXAMPLES
| Subject |
Main Verb |
Complement |
| Laat |
tat numeq |
chiru li K'a. |
| You |
will pass |
by the bridge. |
| Lāo |
to shik |
chi c'alek. |
| We |
will go |
to clean the land. |
| Aanheb |
theb c'uluq |
Tumin. |
| They |
will receive |
money.ajlaak
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| Aan |
ta t'aneq |
sâ ch'och. |
| It |
will fall |
to the ground. |
This page introduces the basic grammar of K'eqK'ekchiK'ekchichi in 3 tenses: simple present, past and future. Other tenses such as present and past continous as well as present perfect and modals are introduced in a separate page. Click here or click Grammar - Grammar Part 1 on the menu to continue.
Created by George Max, April 19 2010. Last date modified: October 19, 2010.
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